Science Plants Quiz Review



Vocabulary

1. clorophyll - A green photosynthetic pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria.
2. photosynthesis - The process by which plants and other autotrophs capture and use light energy to make food by carbon dioxide and water.
3. tissue - A group of similar cells that perform a specific functions.
4. chloroplast - An organelle in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and changes it to an energy form that cells can use in making food.
5. vacuole - A sac-like organelle that stores water, food, and other materials.
6. cuticle - The waxy, waterproof layer that covers the leaves and stems of most plants.
7. vascular tissue - The internal transporting tissue in some plants that is made up of tubelike structures that carry water, food, and minerals.
8. nonvascular plant - A low-growing plant that lacks true vascular tissue for transporting materials.
9. rhizoid - A thin, rootlike structure that anchors a moss and absorbs water and nutrients for the plant.
10. vascular plant - A plant that has true vascular tissue for transporting materials.
11. phloem - The vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants.
12. xylem - The vascular tissue through which water and minerals move in some plants.
13. frond - The leaf of a fern plant.
14. pollen - Tiny structure (male gametophyte) produced by seed plants that contain the cell that later becomes a sperm cell.
15. seed - The plant structure that contains a young plant and a food supply inside a protective covering.
16. gymnosperm - A plant that produces seeds directly on the scales of cones - not enclosed by a protective fruit.
17. angiosperm - A flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed in a protective fruit.
18. cotyledon - A leaf produced by an embryo of a seed plant; sometimes stores food.
19. monocot - An angiosperm that has only one seed leaf.
20. dicot - An angiosperm that has two seed leaves.
21. cambium - A layer of a cells in a plant that produces new pholem and xylem cells.
22. stoma - Small opening on the underside of a lead through which oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide can move. (plural: stomata)
23. ovary - A flower structure that encloses and protects ovules and seeds as they develop.
24. ovule - A plant structure in seed plants that produces the female gametophyte; contains an egg cell.
25. fruit - The ripened ovary and other structures of an angiosperm that enclose one or more seeds.

Notes

Characteristics of Plants

• made of cells & tissues
• are autotrophs (make their own food)
• live in the soil, or in the water
• "breathe" carbon dioxide
• have chlorophyll (green photosynthetic pigment) in chloroplasts
• produce oxygen

Classification

• Some plants may be nonvascular:
  • these plants are very small, therefore they lack true roots, stems or leaves
  • the "roots" of these plants are called rhizoids, they are very small
  • moss is an example of a nonvascular plant
• Other plants are vascular:
  • these have true roots, stems and leaves
  • these have vascular tissues in their stem, like xylem (moves substances to upper parts of the plant), phloem (moves glucose, the plant's self produced food), and cambium (growth tissue which forms tree rings)
  • these may not always reproduce by seeds, as they sometimes reproduce by spores
    • A frond, the leaf of a fern, may have several spore cases. Each of these spore cases have more or less 300 spores.
• Some vascular plants are subdivided into angiosperms and gymnosperms;
  • Angiosperms produce seeds in of a fruit or vegetable
    • Some examples of angiosperms are lemon trees, orange trees and watermelons.
  • Gymnosperms produce seeds in cones
    • Some examples of gymnosperms are pine trees. (refer to page 97)
• Roots:
  • anchor plants to soil
  • absorb water and minerals
  • store food (some roots)
    • Some roots go downward, others grow horizontally.
      • fibrous roots
      • taproots
        

• Flowers contain the reproductive structures in plants. Pollination is the name of the process by which pollen is transferred by wind, water, or even some animals from the filament of the stigma.
  • Reproduction cells in flowers:
    • pollen (male)
    • ovules (female)

REMEMBER TO READ YOUR BOOK & NOTES.